Bearer auth is an Token Auth-based approach where tokens serve as the key to access a protected resource. Often used for APIs.

It is important to understand that bearer auth is usually just the way of transport. It can still be combined with concepts like Session Auth by using the bearer as means to authenticate against a session.

Bearer token are commonly added to request like this:
Authorization: Bearer eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1...

As the token, often a JWT Auth is used.

Compared to Session auth with cookies or cookie auth with JWTs the relevant information is send within the actual request - not as cookies.